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Impact of early NGS MRD negativity on outcomes in B-cell ALL: A retrospective analysis

By Sheetal Bhurke

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Jan 27, 2025

Learning objective: After reading this article, learners will be able to cite a new clinical development in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.



Although MRD negativity is an important clinical endpoint in ALL, it is unclear whether NGS MRD negativity can improve the prognosis in patients with high-risk ALL. During the 66th ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition, Walid Macaron presented results from a retrospective analysis assessing the impact of NGS MRD negativity (1 x 10-6) on outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed B-cell ALL (N = 161).1



Key learnings

Compared with NGS MRD positivity, MRD negativity was associated with higher 2-year RFS at 1.5 months (94% vs 66%; p = 0.03), 3 months (82% vs 65%; p = 0.08), and 6 months (82% vs 62%; p = 0.01).

The 2-year RFS was higher in patients with Ph- B-cell ALL who were MRD negative at 1.5 months (100% vs 69%; p = 0.03), 3 months (83% vs 60%; p = 0.04), and 6 months (87% vs 50%; p < 0.001) compared with those who were MRD positive.
Among MRD-positive patients, 2-year RFS was higher at 1.5 months (80% vs 0%; p = 0.009) and 3 months (86% vs 21%; p = 0.02) in those who received allo-HSCT vs those who did not.
These findings show that early achievement of NGS MRD negativity is associated with favorable outcomes in patients with high-risk B-cell ALL, and that NGS-based MRD assessment should be incorporated into risk stratification and treatment protocols.

Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; allo-HSCT, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; ASH, American Society of Hematology; MRD, measurable residual disease; NGS, next-generation sequencing; Ph-, Philadelphia chromosome-negative; RFS, relapse-free survival.

References

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