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Question 1 / 1
In the review by Miller et al., a phase III COG AALL0434 trial demonstrated promising outcomes with nelarabine for the treatment of T-ALL. What was the 5-year disease-free survival rate observed with nelarabine combined with C-MTX (escalating-dose methotrexate without leucovorin rescue + pegaspargase)?
A
78%
B
83%
C
89%
D
91%
In March 2023, nelarabine was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). Here, we summarize a review of nelarabine, published by Miller et al. in Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management,1 that highlights the potential challenges and future directions of nelarabine in the treatment of T-ALL/LBL.
Nelarabine, a guanine nucleoside analog, has been evaluated in numerous clinical trials; eight are currently ongoing (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Active clinical trials evaluating nelarabine*
ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
*Adapted from Miller, et al.1
The ALL Hub has previously published key updates from the European Hematology Association (EHA) 2023 Congress, including some of the trials mentioned above:
Nelarabine has shown positive results in clinical trials for both children and adults as a single-agent or in combination.
Treatment in children and young adults with relapsed T-ALL and T-LBL is challenging, and the reinduction treatment plan depends on the patient’s previous exposure to nelarabine. Other agents that have demonstrated promising efficacy as a single agent or in combination in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed disease include:
Many of these additional agents are not yet approved by the U.S. FDA for relapsed/refractory childhood T-ALL/T-LBL; however, novel combinations should be considered with caution and shared decision-making. If the safety profile is thought to be tolerable, the combination of any of these agents with nelarabine should be considered regardless of previous nelarabine exposure. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy is also a potential option.
Overall, the review demonstrates the safety and efficacy of nelarabine in the treatment of T-ALL and T-LBL. It highlights the role of nelarabine in treating refractory disease and patients with CNS-3 disease. Caution must be taken to ensure safety in patients with new, relapsed, or refractory diseases and minimize adverse events. Nelarabine has the potential to become an essential component of future treatment regimens with careful consideration of timing, dosing, and potential adverse events.1
References
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